过去将来时(The Past Future Indefinite Tense)
1. 构成
should/would+动词原形

2. 功能
ZZ1 表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在状态

He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop. 他说他要在车站等我们的。

She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。

ZZ2 表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would

Whenever we had trouble，he would come to help us. 每当我们遇到困难时，他总会给予帮助。

In snowy evenings I would sit with Grandpa by the stove, listening to him reading poems, with my eyes fixed on his pink lips while he was reading. 我每每在大雪中的黄昏里，伴着祖父围坐在火炉边，听着他读着诗篇，看着他读着诗篇时微红的嘴唇。

【提示】表示过去将来时的几种结构

① was/were going to do。这种结构表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。例如：

I was going to buy a car then. 我当时正打算买一辆车。

She was not going to do anything that evening. 那天晚上她不准备做任何事。

There was going to be a thunderstorm. 将要有雷暴。

When they arrived the plane was just going to take off. 飞机正要起飞时他们到了。

比较：

He was going to leave when you arrived. 你到达时他正准备离开。（正要）
He was going to come last night, but it rained. 他本打算昨天晚上来的，但是天下雨了。（打算，没实现）

② was/were about to do。这种结构表示“正要，即将”。例如：

She waited until he was about to leave. 她等着一直到他准备离开。

He was about to say something more, and then checked himself. 他还想说几句，却又止住了。

He was about to be transferred to a seaside town. 他正要被调往一座海滨小城。

③ was/were on the point of doing。这种结构表示“正要……时”。例如：

She was on the point of leaving when we came in. 我们进来时，她正要动身。

She was on the point of winning when she stumbled and fell. 她正要获胜时摔了一跤。

④ was/were due to do。这种结构表示“定于（某时做某事）”。例如：

The ship was due to leave at midnight. 船定于午夜起航。

He was due to graduate in the next half of the year. 他将于下半年毕业。

The talk was due to last for three days. 谈话将要进行三天。

They were due to sign a treaty in May. 他们将于5月签订一项协议。

⑤ 过去进行时。go, come, leave, take off等少数动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。例如：

They said they were leaving for England soon. 他们说他们不久就将动身去英国。

A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks. 有许多人要来观看焰火。

We were told that the plane was taking off in ten minutes. 我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。

She told mother that she was going to a dance with Tom. 她告诉母亲，她要同汤姆一起去参加一个舞会。

⑥ was/were to do。这种结构表示曾计划做某事，如果计划的事情没有实现，要用不定式完成式。比较：

She said she was to take up the position. 她说她要承担这个职务。(intended to)
She said she was to have taken up the position，but later changed her mind. 她说她本打算承担这个职务的，但是后来改变了主意。(intended to，but did not)

JJ was/were to do有时表示“后来结果，注定”的含义，并非单纯地指过去的将来。例如：

At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life. 那时候他不知道，辞去这项工作成了他生活的转折点。

Few men understood Einstein's theories when first published，but they were to change our whole view of the universe. 爱因斯坦的理论刚发表时，很少有人能够理解，但是，这些理论后来却改变了我们对宇宙的整个看法。
过去将来完成时(The Past Future Perfect Tense)
1. 构成
would have+过去分词

2. 功能
表示从过去某个时间看将来某时之前已经完成的动作。例如：

He said that they would have arrived by seven o'clock. 他说他们在7点钟前就会到达。

She told me that she would have finished typing the letter before I came back. 她告诉我，在我回来之前她就会把信件打好的。

She knew by the time she arrived he would have gone back to his home village. 她知道她到达时他已经返回家乡了。

I thought Judy would have graduated from the college by then. 我想届时朱迪就已经大学毕业了。

【提示】

比较下面两句的含义：

I would have liked to see the play.我当时很愿意看这出戏。（过去愿意，当时未能实现，不是过去将来完成时）
I would like to see the play. 我很愿意看这出戏。（现在愿望，现在、将来或许能实现）
过去将来进行时(The Past Future Continuous /Progressive Tense)
1. 构成
should/would be+现在分词

2. 功能
表示从过去某时看将来某时正在进行的动作或计划中的事，常用于宾语从句中。例如：

She said she would be looking after you. 她说她会照顾你的。

He said he would be setting off on the 9 o'clock train. 他说他将乘9点的火车出发。

She didn't know when she would be seeing us again. 她不知道她什么时候才会再见到我们。

The children were excited. Next Friday we would be flying to New York. 孩子们都很兴奋。下周五我们就会飞往纽约了。

He asked me what I would be doing when he came the next day. 他问我当他第二天来的时候我会在做什么。

【提示】

① 下面句中的would be standing表示过去的惯常做法：

When the noon bell rang, I would race breathlessly home. My mother would be standing at the top of the stairs, smiling down at me. 中午放学铃响，我就一口气往家跑。母亲总是站在门前台阶的最高层，笑盈盈地望着我。

② 上下文清楚时，可省略时间状语，并可用于状语从句、定语从句及独立句中。例如：

She would come to see you off as you would be leaving home. 你离开家时，她将来为你送行。

The bridge they would be building was the first longest in the world. 他们将要建造的桥是世界第一长桥。

It had to come to the surface in daylight, so that it would be easily found by the mother ship which would be waiting for it. 它得在天还亮着时浮上海面，这样就容易为等候在水面上的母舰发现。

The plane took off. John would be flying to America. 飞机起飞了，约翰要飞往美国。（独立句中）